How much risk can you tolerate?

Your attitude to risk is one of the most important factors to consider when it comes to investing.

This is because growth assets, like shares and property securities, tend to have more volatile returns over the shorter term but they do have the potential to produce higher long-term returns.

Assets like bonds and cash are considered lower risk and less volatile but they generally do not have the same potential for similar high returns over the long term.

Understanding whether you have an appetite for risk and where you are on the risk spectrum is often the first step on an investment journey.

Consider your timeframe into your risk profile

Generally, the longer you have to invest, the more growth assets you can include in your portfolio.

The graph below illustrates how the ups and downs of investment markets tend to even out and the gap between the highest and lowest returns closes over time. For example, holding international shares for just one year an investor might experience a return of over 40% or lower than -30%. Over longer time periods, however, these wild swings tend to smooth out.

This is why it is important to consider your timeframe for your investment goal when choosing your investments. For instance, investing funds you're earmarking for a home you want to buy in three years is very different to funds you're setting aside for your retirement in thirty years. The risk tolerance for the former is much lower because of the shorter time frame.

Risk of major asset classes

Range of returns over 1, 5 and 10 year periods (1 January 1990 - 30 September 2017)

Note: Assumes 100% reinvestment of distributions without any considerations of fees.
Source: Vanguard calculations using data from Morningstar Direct.

Vanguard Diversified Funds: example of investor risk profiles

Most fund managers offer diversified funds where the mix of investments, or asset allocations, are aligned with a range of investor profiles and their appetite for risk.

Let's look at Vanguard Diversified Funds as an example. There are four funds - conservative, balanced, growth and high growth.

Vanguard Diversified Funds: income/growth allocation

They aim to provide long-term investment returns that match your desired level of risk. The allocations to defensive assets (bonds and cash) and growth (shares and property securities) are the main factors influencing the risk/return profiles of the Diversified Fund portfolios.

Vanguard's Diversified High Growth Fund invests 10 per cent of the portfolio in income or defensive assets (bonds) and 90 per cent in growth assets (shares), and is suited to those seeking capital growth and those with a higher risk tolerance and longer investment time frame.

However, if the thought of your investments going up and down is going to keep you awake at night, you may feel more comfortable choosing a more conservative or balanced investment approach, where there is a higher allocation to defensive assets.

Although taking no risk can be one of the biggest risks of all, if you invest all your money in cash, inflation and costs can erode your investment returns and purchasing power over time.